Background: Today, media has a highlighted position in national, regional and international area. Along with development of media, legislation for media will be clearly necessary. There is no doubt that lows are necessary for providing regulations in society, but not enough. Experiences show that, more than laws, internal supervision is important. A Professional ethics code is one of the internal supervision. These codes that edited by media agents have key roles in achieving goals in media. In this study, the normal theories in media have been considered and codes of ethics in media in other countries have been considered. This study aims to provide codes of Professional ethics in media.Conclusion: Studies show that trust of audience to media agents is necessary. Managers and media agents know that how ethics is important in maintaining the trust. Then they use some strategies to control their activities. Therefore, providing codes of Professional ethics in media is so necessary.

During human life, ethical criteria and the formulation of ethical code have been a concern existed a long time, having various dimensions and components. So, for such a subject matter, there have been suggested a great number of theoretical views and practical procedures, which for a long time have been disputed by the experts in the fields of religion, philosophy, ethics, psychology and management. The present essay initially considers ethical action and its psychological roots. Next, it focuses on different theories concerning criteria for the evaluation of ethical action such as altruism, essential good and badness, and inspiration of consciousness as well as on the factors affecting ethical and non-ethical behaviors. Then, based on Islamic traditions, it points out the four principles of the normative ethics, i.e., commitment, monitoring, evaluation, and reprimand.And, finally, it analyzes the global backgrounds of formulating ethical code for organizations and its criteria including the principle of moral honesty, of ownership, of trust, of equity, and of citizenship, presenting the extensions of the studied dimensions.

Developing and implementing the code of conduct and guidelines of Professional ethics in science is one of the foremost necessary and obvious measures of scientific associations in promoting the ethics of science, which is typically developed within the framework of scientific activity. Focusing on a sample of the code of conduct of the world scientific associations, this paper seeks to answer these questions: What are the principles of Professional ethics among world scientific associations? what principles do scientific associations agree on and to what extent? To answer the aforementioned questions, we investigated 235 codes of Professional ethics written in the code of conduct of 28 scientific associations. The findings show that the Professional codes have multiple structures with different frequencies. There is a further agreement on some codes in scientific associations which we call "consensus codes". These codes form the core parts of conducts. On the other hand, we have specific diverse codes called "distinction codes" that are formed in terms of the cultural diversity of the scientific field. In general, the discovery of the profile of codes of Professional ethics at the global level is the main achievement of this research.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

The present study investigates the relationship between the personality types of the auditors and their degree of adherence to audit code of ethics. This research is descriptive in terms of the methodology, and in terms of relation with the environment is a behavioral research. In this research, the personality types use the Five-factor Personality Model (NEO-PI) to identify personality types as Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness. Also, in the code of ethics section, a researcher made questionnaire has been investigated. Data were collected based on Likert scale and analyzed using Excel, SPSS software and Spearman and Pearson statistical tests. The results of the research indicate that the personality type " Agreeableness " is most closely related to the degree to which the auditors adhere code of ethics; other characteristics with equal number of replies are in the next category. Also, in general, in terms of the extent to which auditors adhere to code of ethics, Professional performance, and independence, they are most closely associated with the types of auditors' personalities; secrecy, honesty, integrity, and Professional conduct are in the next category, respectively.

Professionalization of sports fields is a significant subject that preoccupied theorists in these fields today. It has led to both positive and negative consequences. It may result in a decrease in moral values. In order to get out of the present situation and institutionalize ethics in sports, a code of conduct for upholding moral values in sports clubs must be formulated. This code consists of a set of ethical guidelines that set an example of right Professional behavior, suggest a systematic strategy for internalizing moral values and norms, and help those in charge of sports to make right decisions and to improve Professional standards. Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this study describes the process of formulating and promoting the desired code through a systematic approach in seven steps: (1) developing ethical sensitivity; (2) establishing an ethics committee; (3) formulating principles and guidelines; (4) evaluating viewpoints; (5) making (educational and legal) attempts; (6) seeking feedback; (7) making corrections and amendments.

Background and Aim: The code of ethics is constantly being reviewed, due to some changes in the Professional fields of psychologists and the needs of their target groups. Conducting comparative studies creates sensibilities in experts to meet the challenges of the code of ethics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the code of ethics of psychologists in Iran with the Netherlands and Switzerland's. Materials and Methods: The present study is comparative study. Using Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2019, the keywords of code of ethics, psychology, Iran, Netherlands and Switzerland and their Persian equivalents were searched separately and in combination. The code of ethics of the Netherlands and Switzerland were purposefully selected based on the research gaps in this field; it was also structurally and contently examined, as a basis for comparison, by the Iranian code of ethics. Findings: Structurally, all three codes of ethics have common ground in the introduction and basic principles, but Switzerland and Netherlands ' codes of ethics differ in the code of conduct. In terms of content, Switzerland and Netherlands' codes of ethics are based on clear, definite and operational codes. In addition, they have adapted to the new conditions more than the Iranian code of ethics, especially in the codes related to advertising and resolving ethical issues and they have been able to create organizational and administrative structures. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and fidelity were considered in the reporting of the texts, citing sources and avoiding any bias. Conclusion: By making new changes in the Iranian code of ethics, especially in the field of clarifying the concepts and basic principles of ethics, as well as providing accurate ethical codes, taking into account the practical aspects and the method of their implementation, some challenges can be addressed.

Background and Aim: With regard to the importance of Professional ethics’ role in organizational development and work life improvement, it is necessary to consider Professional ethics principles in organization for determining effectiveness and directing human resources. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of Islamic values on Professional ethics with the mediating role of organization’ s code of ethics. Materials and Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive (survey) in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included all nurses working in government hospitals in Zanjan and 182 people were selected as a sample. Questionnaire was used for collecting data which is content validity and reliability (by using Cronbach Alpha) was approved. For measuring Professional ethics, the questionnaire of Ghasemzadeh et al (2014) was used and for two other variables the researchers designed their own questionnaire. For testing hypotheses, structural equation modelling and PLS software, were used. Findings: According to the findings, Islamic values has a positive and significant effect on Nurses’ Professional ethics and organization’ s code of ethics. There is a significant relationship between and organization’ s code of ethics and Nurses’ Professional ethics. In addition, organization’ s code of ethics mediated the relationship between Islamic values and Nurses’ Professional ethics. Ethical Considerations: In the period of data collection, respondents were assured that their opinions and responses will remain confidential and used only for analysis. Conclusion: Compliance with ethical principles will lead to nursing services improvement. Findings show that worth and importance of nurses work is more perceived when Islamic values on the time of service providing is considered.